Hydraulic motor.



J. H. CHAMP. HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 11, 1910.

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Patented July 16, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO.,WASHINOTON, D- C.

J. H. CHAMP. 7

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 11,1910.

Patented July 16, 1912.

3 SHEETS-BKEET 2.

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LUMHIA PLANOGRAFH KID-,WASHINGTDN, D. c.

J. H. CHAMP.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

APPLICATION IILED JUNE 11, 1910.

1,032,531 Patented July 1 6, 1912.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

JOSEPH I-I. CHAMP, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

HYDRAULIC MOTOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 16, 1912.

Application filed June 11, 1910. Serial No. 566,426.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JosnPI-I H. GHAMP, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Cleveland, county of Ouyahoga, and State of Ohio, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Hydraulic Motors, of which the following is a specification, the principle of the invention being herein explained and the best mode in which I have contemplated applying that principle, so as to distinguish it from other inventions.

While my present invention relates in general to fluid pressure motors, it has more particular regard, as indicated, to hydraulic motors, that is to motors wherein the actuating fluid. is water under pressure.

The object of the invention is the provision of an automatically operating motor of this type that in its general structure will be characterized by simplicity, accessibility and compactness.

A further object is the provision of con trol or pilot valves that will not be liable to the serious difliculty of catching, which has heretofore militated against the successful employment of apparatus of the kind in hand.

Still another feature of improvement is the provision of buffer means for the main or power pistons of the apparatus.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related objects the invention, then, consists of the means hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The annexed drawings and the following description set forth in detail certain mechanism embodying the invention, such disclosed means constituting, however, but

one of various mechanical forms in which the principle of the invention may be used.

In said annexed drawings:-Figure 1 is partly a side elevation and partly a sectional view of a hydraulic motor embodying my several improvements, the plane of the section being indicated by the line 1-1 on the other figures of the drawings; Fig. 2 is partly a side elevation and partly a section of such motor viewed from the opposite side to that appearing in Fig. 1, the plane of the section being indicated by the line 22 on the other figures; Fig. 3 is a central longitudinal section of the motor; Fig. t is a vertical transverse section of the same taken on the line 4.-t, Figs. 1, 2 and 3; Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 55, Figs. 1, 2 and 3; Fig. 6 is a similar sectional View, out taken on the line 6-6 ofthe same figures; and Fig. 7 is a section detail.

As it is a matter of indifference to what use my improved motor be put, itis not shown as operatively connected with any other apparatus, but ordinarily such other apparatus, consisting for example, of an air or liquid pump, will be mounted on the same base with the motor proper. This will explain the apparent displacement of such base 1 with respect to the center of the main or operating cylinder 2 of the apparatus as illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. It will be understood of course, that any suitable base or other mounting may be provided. Reciprocably mounted in said cylinder 2 and extending through one end thereof is the piston rod 3 which is provided with two spaced pistons 4t and 5 rigidly secured thereto and having a range of joint movement substantially equal to the distance between the same. Suitable packing 6 is, of course, provided to make a tight joint where the piston passes through the end of the cylinder, and extending from the same end of such eylin der are distance rods 7 which serve to rigidly connect the same withthe pump cylinder, where such constitutes the remainder of the apparatus. Adjacent to the end of the cylinder last referred to, such cylinder is formed on its upper side with an enlargement or boss 8 in which are provided two valve cylinders, a primary valve cylinder 10 and a secondary valve cylinder 9, preferably lying in the same horizontal plane and disposed parallel with each other and with the axis of the main cylinder. Such valve cylinders are closed at their respective ends by removable plugs 11, and within the same are mounted reciprocable stems 12 and 13 respectively, each bearing a plurality of piston valves, in the present instance four in number. The valves on stem 12 in cylinder 9 are designated 14., 15, 16 and 17 while the corresponding valves on stem 13 in cylinder 10 are designated 18, 19, 20 and 21. Five annular channels 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 respectively surround and are connected with cylinder 9 at different points longitudinally of the same and five similar channels 27, 28, 29, 30 and 81 alsosur round and are thus connected with the other cylinder 10. Of

such passages, the two- 22. and 27 nearest the outer, or closed, end of the main cylin der 2 are connected togetherby a horizontal cross passage 32 and so also channels 2% and 29 are connected together by another cross passage 33, and channels 26 and 31 by. av cross passage 34. The inlet opening 35 for admitting fluid pressure, in the present case water, to the motor, is connected by branching passages 36 and 37 with the respective endchannels of valve cylinder 10; while the outlet opening 24 formed in the opposite side of the boss is directly connected with middle channel 24 of cylinder 9. 7

Below valve cylinders 9 and 10 in boss 8 there are provided two diagonal passages 38 and 39 that incline in opposite directions and that communicate at their divergent ends with the respective ends of valve cylinder 10 (see Fig. 6), the convergent ends of said passages communicating with annular channels 23 and 25, respectively, of the other valve cylinder. 9. In the wall of the main or power cylinder 2 of the motor appearing in section in Fig. 1, are provided two passages 40 and 41; of these the first connects annular passage of valve cylinder 10 with the outer end portion of the main power cylinder, while the second connects annular channel 28 with the other, or inner, end of such cylinder. In the other side wall of the main or power cylinder shown in section in Fig. 2 are formed three passages 12, 43 and H, of which the first connects with the inner end of valve cylinder. 9 and extends to a pointin the power cylinder between its central range and its outer end where it communicates with the interior of such cylinder, it being designed that such communication shall be passed by piston 5 in the inner position of said piston. The second of such lastnamed passages connects annular passage 24 of the valve cylinder with the interior of the power cylinder at a point located approximately at the mid point of such cylinder, it being designed that such communication shall be passed by neither piston 4 or 5. The third passage connects the outer end of valve cylinder 9 with the main or power cylinder between the mid point and the inner end of such power cylinder, it being designed that such communication shall be passed by piston 4t in the outer position of said piston. The

location of these several passages leading from the valve cylinder to the interior of the main cylinder, it will accordingly be seen, is such that taken in connection with the spacing of the pistons t and 5 in the latter, the connection through passage 43 is always open, whereas piston t is adapted to be moved to opposite sides of the connection of passage 42 with said cylinder and the other piston 5 to opposite'sides of the con- '65 nection of passage 4A incidentally to the reciprocation ofthe piston rod 3 to which said pistons are fixedly secured.

Heretofore in the operation of piston valves of the general type involved in the apparatus just described, considerable difiiculty has been encountered in that the pis ton cups 46 (see Fig. 7) which are ordinarily made of leather or other fibrous material, tend to catch on the openings in the lining of the cylinder wherein said pistons are reciprocably mounted, even where such openings are made in the form of apertures of relatively small size. Obviously it is desirable to have the openings as large as possible, in order to facilitate thefiow of liquid therethrough and prevent clogging of the passages. Accordingly, in the case of the two intermediate pistons, which require to be moved from one side to the other of any series of openings, (see Fig. 5) I make the cups of the form clearly illustrated in said Fig. 7. In other words, the edge of the cup is cut on an incline or bias so that a shearing effect is in a sense secured. The more extended portion of the edge moreover, at no time crosses entirely the opening or line of apertures. By this means I have secured, even where the openings are of considerably larger size than has ever been deemed feasible, a smooth and uninterrupted operation of the piston valves which control the operation of the motor, and thus are essential to the successful operation of the same. 7

On the respective outwardly directed faces of power pistons L and 5, I securely attach a heavy pad 45 of rubber-or like elastic material, which serves as a buffer in limiting the reciprocation of said pistons, as will be readily-understood.

The general operation. of the apparatus should now be readily followed from the foregoing description of its construction. Assume the control valvescarried by stems 12 and 13 to be in the positions shown in Fig. 5. Water enters through inlet opening 35 and by way of channel 36 and annular chamber 31 passes into cylinder 10 between valves 20 and 21 and thence through annular chamber 30, and passage 40 to the outer end of main cylinder 2. At the same time water passes from annular chamber 31 through passage 32 and annular chamber 26 into cylinder 9 between valves 16 and 17, and thence through annular chamber 25 and diagonal passage 39 into cylinder 10 between the cylinder-head and valve 21. When, therefore, the parts are as shown in Fig. 5, the water is being admitted to hold valve stem 13 in such position, and is being admitted to the outer end of cylinder 2 and is forcing the piston therein inwardly. ,When piston-head 5 passes the outlet of passage 12 water is admitted to cylinder 9 between the cylinderhead and valve 14.. This forces valve stem 12 to its dot-ted position of Fig. 5, the water sage 44 into cylinder 2 between pistonheads which was previously between the opposite cylinder-head and valve 17 passing by pas- 4 and 5. Water is now admitted through passage 36, annular chamber 27, passage 34, annular passage 22, cylinder 9 between valves 14 and 15, annular passage 23, and diagonal passage 38, to cylinder 10 between the cylinder-head and valve 18. The valve stem 13 is thus forced to its dotted position of Fig. 5, the water between the cylinderhead and valve 21 discharging through passage 39, annular chamber 25, annular chamber 24, and thence through the outlet. Live water is now admitted from inlet 35 through annular chamber 27, cylinder 10 between valves 18 and 19, annular chamber 28, and passage 41, to the inner end of cylinder 2 behind pistonhead 4. The piston is thus forced outwardly and the water between piston-head 5 and the outer end of cylinder 2 is discharged through passage 40, annular chamber 30, annular chamber 29, passage 33, annular chamber 24, and thence through the outlet. The water in cylinder 2 between pistonheads 4 and 5 is discharged through passage 43, annular chamber 24 and thence through the outlet. When the piston-head 4 passes the opening of passage 44, water is admitted to cylinder 9 between the cylinderhead and valve 17 and valve stem 12 is forced back to its full line position of Fig. 5. The water in cylinder 9 between the cylinder-head and valve 14 is forced back through passage 42 into cylinder 2 between pistonheads 4 and 5, whence on the next stroke it is discharged through passage 43 and annular chamber 24. When valve stem 12 is in its full line position, water is admitted behind valve 21 to force valve stem 13 to its full line position of Fig. 5, whereupon water is admitted to cylinder 2 between pistonhead 5 and the outer end of the cylinder. During the ensuing stroke of the piston, water between the inner end of the cylinder and piston 4 is exhausted, through passage 41, annular chamber 28, annular chamber 29, passage 33, annular chamber 24, and thence through the outlet. The cycle of operation is now complete as the parts are in the position assumed at the beginning of the operation.

The general arrangement of parts, and particularly the inclusion of the respective associated valve mechanisms of the primary and secondary control cylinders in the same body structure with the power cylinder, renders the apparatus extremely compact. At the same time such valve mechanisms are in a readily accessible position although I have found that with the improved construction of said valves hereinbefore described very little occasion can arise for disturbing the same. Finally, by means of the buffers on the outer faces of power pistons 4 and 5, the

pounding, which has always heretofore characterized the operation of this type of apparatus, is practically eliminated.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employed instead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanism herein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the following claims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention 1. In a motor of the class described, the combination of a main cylinder; two spaced pistons reciprocable therein; a primary cylinder having a pressure fluid inlet; a secondary cylinder having a pressure fluid discharge; two passages connecting the primary cylinder with the respective ends of the main cylinder; reciprocable valve mechanism in the primary cylinder adapted to alternately open said passages, respectively, to the inlet and to the discharge; open passages from the inlet to the secondary cylinder; two passages from the secondary to the primary cylinder adapted to admit pressure fluid to oppositely move the valve mecha nism in the primary cylinder; reciprocable valve mechanism in the secondary cylinder adapted to alternately open the last-named two passages, respectively, to the respective open passages and to said discharge; an open passage from the main cylinder between said pistons to said discharge; and two passages from the main cylinder to the secondary cylinder respectively adapted, on reciprocation of said pistons, to be alternately opened to the last-named open passage and to the respective ends of the main cylinder, and adapted in the latter connections to admit pressure fluid to the secondary cylinder to oppositely move the valve mechanism therein.

2. In a motor of the class described, the combination of a main cylinder; two spaced pistons reciprocable therein; a primary cylinder parallel with the main cylinder and having a pressure fluid inlet; a secondary cylinder parallel with the main cylinder and having a pressure fluid discharge; two passages connecting the primary cylinder with the respective ends of the main cylinder; a valve stem reciprocable in the primary cylinder and provided at its ends with pistons and intermediately with two spaced valves, the respective valves being adapted to alternately open said two passages, respectively, to the inlet and to the discharge; two open passages from the inlet to the secondary cylinder; two passages from the secondary cylinder to the respective ends of the primary cylinder; a valve stem reciprocable in the secondary cylinder and provided at its ends with pistons and intermediately with two spaced valves, the respective valves being adapted to alternately open the lastqialned I pistons, to he alternately opened to the last two passages, respectively, to the respective named open passage and t0 the respective 10 open passages and to said discharge; an ends of the main cylinder.

open passage from the main cylinder be Signed by me this 8th day of June, 1910. tween said pistons to said discharge; and JOSEPH H. CHAMP.

two passages from the main cylinder to the Attested byrespective ends of the secondary cylinder re- F. L. HINDs,

spectively adapted, 0n reciprocation of said E. H. VOGELPOHL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. 0. 

